This obese 49 y/o female presented with abdominal pain. On physical exam diffuse abdominal tenderness without rebound or localizing signs was noted. WBC count was normal. Urinalysis demonstrated 15 - 20 RBCs/hpf and 10-15 WBCs/hpf. IVP initially showed the right ureter to be more prominent than the left, however the post voiding film was unremarkable. A gastrograffin enema did not demonstrate any diverticula. Continuing abdominal pain led to CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. Both were normal. Because of persistent abdominal pain and rising WBC count, despite the empirical administration of antibiotics, a Tc99m labeled WBC scan was performed. The abnormal right lower quadrant uptake was felt to be from appendicitis and the minimal renal excretion was presumed to be reactive urinary tract changes. The positive HMPAO WBC scan and increasing patient symptomatology led to laparotomy and appendectomy, confirming the diagnosis of suppurative appendicitis. While hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labeled WBC's may not be the primary imaging tool in the diagnosis of atypical abdominal pain, Tc99m HMPAO labeled WBC scans may occasionally be useful in the more obscure cases, as was demonstrated by this patient.

  1. Kao CH; Lin HT; Wang YL; Wang SJ; Liu TJ. Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled WBC scans to detect appendicitis in women. Clin Nucl Med 1996 Oct;21(10):768-71 UI:97052288
  2. Rypins EB; Evans DG; Hinrichs W; Kipper SL. Tc-99m-HMPAO white blood cell scan for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in patients with equivocal clinical presentation. Ann Surg 1997 Jul;226(1):58-65 UI:97384827
  3. Lin WY; Kao CH; Lin HT; Wang YL; et al. 99Tcm-HMPAO-labelled white blood cell scans to detect acute appendicitis in older patients with an atypical clinical presentation. Nucl Med Commun 1997 Jan;18(1):75-8 UI:97215353
  4. Evetts BK; Foley CR; Latimer RG; Rimkus DS. Tc-99 hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide scanning for the detection of acute appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg 1994 Aug;179(2):197-201 UI:94319594
  5. Foley CR; Latimer RG; Rimkus DS. Detection of acute appendicitis by technetium 99 HMPAO scanning. Am Surg 1992 Dec;58(12):761-5 UI:93089705
  6. Henneman PL; Marcus CS; Butler JA; Hall TA; et al. Evaluation of women with possible appendicitis using technetium- 99m leukocyte scan. Am J Emerg Med 1990 Sep;8(5):373-8 UI:91000001
  7. Henneman PL; Marcus CS; Inkelis SH; Butler JA; Baumgartner FJ. Evaluation of children with possible appendicitis using technetium 99m leukocyte scan. Pediatrics 1990 May;85(5):838-43 UI:90231779
  8. Kanegaye JT; Vance CW; Parisi M; Miller JH; et al. Failure of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime leukocyte scintigraphy in the evaluation of children with suspected appendicitis. Pediatr Emerg Care 1995 Oct;11(5):285-90 UI:96131510
  9. Moore J; Bartholomeusz D; Wycherley A; Devitt P; et al. 99mTechnetium labelled leucocyte scanning in acute lower abdominal pain: can it reduce the negative appendectomy rate? Aust N Z J Surg 1995 Jun;65(6):403-5 UI:95305825
  10. Puskar D; Bedalov G; Fridrih S; Vuckovic I; et al. Urinalysis, ultrasound analysis, and renal dynamic scintigraphy in acute appendicitis. Urology 1995 Jan;45(1):108-12 UI:95117202

Use the Back or Backward button on your browser to return