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Macbeth was written in the early 1600's
(most likely sometime between 1604 and 1606) by William Shakespeare.
According to legend, it was performed at Hampton Court in 1606 for
King James I and his brother-in-law, King Christian of Denmark,
and was clearly designed to appeal to King James. Not only was Banquo,
who just happens to be a part of the Stuart family tree (as was
James), portrayed favorably, but the play itself was fairly short,
probably because King James preferred short plays. Most importantly,
James himself had previously published a book on witches and how
to detect them. Because of this, Shakespeare decided to give his
play a supernatural twist in another effort to please the King.
For the opening scene of Act IV, he reproduced a sacred black-magic
ritual in which a group of witches danced about a black cauldron,
shouting out strange phrases and ingredients to be thrown into it.
The practitioners of rituals such as this one were not very amused
by Shakespeare's public exposure of their witchcraft, and as punishment
they decided to cast their own spell on the play Macbeth that still
haunts it to this day./
Supposedly, saying the name "Macbeth"
inside a theater will bring bad luck to the play and anyone acting
in it. The only exception is when the word is spoken as a
line in the play. In order to reverse the bad luck,
the person who uttered the word must exit the theater, spin around
three times saying a profanity, and then ask for permission to return
inside. There are several other variations of this ritual that involve
spitting over your shoulders or simply letting out a stream of cuss
words. Some say that you must repeat the words "Thrice around the
circle bound, Evil sink into the ground," or you can turn to Will
himself for assistance and cleanse the air with a quotation from
Hamlet. Whatever steps that you choose to take, failing to do anything
to prevent the curse from taking effect will ensure that you will
in for some trouble. To avoid bringing up the curse in the first
place, most people refer to Macbeth as one of it's several nicknames,
with "the Scottish Play" seeming to be the most popular of them.
Go up to any experienced actor and ask him about the Scottish Play,
and he or she will almost certainly know exactly what you are talking
about.
Even if the name "Macbeth" is not said, there is still something
going on. It seems like everyone who has had a part acting in the
play Macbeth has some sort of strange story to tell. While doing
some research, I've found several interesting tales. During the
first performance of Macbeth, William Shakespeare himself was forced
to play Lady Macbeth when the boy designated to play her suddenly
became overcome with sickness and died. King James was so displeased
with the play that it was banned for five years. In Amsterdam in
1672, the actor playing Macbeth substituted the blunt stage dagger
with a real one, and with killed his co-actor playing Duncan right
in front of the live audience. There was even an incident in 1721
where the army had to be called in. Some hecklers were annoying
some of the actors on the stage. The actors responded by attacking
the hecklers with their swords. During its 1849 performance at New
York's Astor Place, 31 people were trampled to death in a riot that
had broken out. In 1934, British actor Malcolm Keen turned mute
on stage, and his replacement developed a high fever and had to
be hospitalized. In 1937, a 25 pound stage weight crashed within
an inch of him Laurence Olivier (who was playing Macbeth). Not only
that, but his sword broke on stage flew into the audience, hitting
a man who later suffered a heart attack. And if you think that was
enough bad luck for one production, think again. Both the director
and the actress playing Lady Macduff were involved in a car accident
on the way to the theater, and the proprietor of the theater died
of a heart attack during the dress rehearsal. In the 1942, three
actors in another production of Macbeth died, and the costume and
set designer committed suicide. Diana Wynyard sleepwalked off the
rostrum in 1948 and feel down 15 feet. In Bermuda, 1953, Charlton
Heston suffered severe burns in his groin and leg from tights that
were accidentally soaked in kerosene. Rip Torn's seemed to be unable
to get away from the curse no matter how many times he tried. An
actor's strike struck his 1970 production in New York City, two
fires and seven robberies plagued the 1971 version, and finally
J. Kenneth Campbell, who played Macduff, was mugged soon after the
play's opening in the 1981 production. And finally, it was Macbeth
that Abraham Lincoln chose to take with him on board the River Queen
on the Potomac River one afternoon. The president was reading to
a group of friends passages of the play that happened to follow
the scene in which Duncan was assassinated. Within a week, President
Lincoln himself was assassinated.
No one has solved the curse of Macbeth yet. However, a group of
psychics recently attempted to contact the spirit of King Macbeth.
Their attempts, of course, did not turn out so well. From the beginning,
there were problems. Several witches had planned on arriving at
the old Inverness Castle to reflect positive energy on Macbeth's
spirit, but a number of them did not even make it. When the pet
dog of one of the witches died, they thought of it as a sign of
bad luck and decided not to test fate. Another bad omen, a cat bringing
in a black feather, convinced another witch to stay home. In the
end, only two witches showed up for the ritual, and even they experienced
some difficulties. Witch Kevin Carlyon said "We almost got run off
the road coming back from a trip to Skye, and then the three witches
who were destined to come up here from other parts of the country
all had different individual problems." It was began when Carlyon
summoned the four elements of earth, air, wind and water. But when
his colleague Eileen Webster, a medium, tried to contact the spirit,
she collapsed and began babbling incoherently. Afterwards she said
"I sensed a great power that just drained away all my energy. I
remember feeling fear. I sensed a very, very evil spirit. I believe
in this curse definitely now." She also mentioned that a black crow
had stalked her that morning. Despite the setbacks, the witches
were able to perform the ceremony eventually, which Carlyon said
he thought was a success. "We have reflected the curse, but it will
only be when people start saying "Macbeth", and putting on productions
of the play, that we will know we have been successful. We won't
know until people tell us" were his exact words.
From it's very first performance, several strange events have plagued
Shakespeare's famous yet short play Macbeth, a play that was supposedly
written to please King James. Is it just a coincidence that so many
tragedies, many more than I've mentioned in this paper, have occurred
relating to the play? Does referring to Macbeth using one of it's
many other names really prevent a catastrophe from occurring? Does
going outside of a theater, spinning around three times and cussing,
spitting, and knocking on a door somehow reverse the bad luck? Did
the two witches successfully lift the curse? Does the curse even
exist? We may never know, but I certainly don't plan on acting in
the Scottish Play anytime soon to find out.
Andrew
Mann
Emails sent in response to this article-
From: Robert T. Jones
Hi. Enjoyed reading about the Macbeth curse. But you didn't mention
what happened at the Metropolitan Opera in 1988 during a performance
of Verdi's "Macbeth." During the intermission, an elderly
man in the top balcony took a running leap off the rail and landed
in the orchestra section. Dead on impact, but didn't kill anybody
else. It was a Saturday afternoon broadcast, and the intermission
went on and on and on, and finally the rest of the show was cancelled.
Everybody said, "See? The curse is still working!"
Works Cited
*note-I'll be changing this stuff toe the MLA format whenever I
get the chance to.
http://www.thisisnorthscotland.co.uk/page.asp?t=editorial/news/local/edarticle&area=Latest%20news&s=edit&opensect=Local%20News&ID=77899
http://www.100megsfree4.com/farshores/pmacurse.htm
http://www.onstage.f2s.com/theatre/broadway/macbeth/macbeth_curse.html
http://www.ananova.com/news/story/sm_389928.html?menu=news.quirkies
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/08/14/stories/14142182.htm
http://www.urbanlegends.com/misc/macbeth_superstitions.html
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